{"id":377,"date":"2022-01-18T10:18:14","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T09:18:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/?p=377"},"modified":"2022-01-18T10:18:15","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T09:18:15","slug":"problemy-starsich-rodinnych-domu-a-jejich-dopad-na-nase-zdravi-3-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/?p=377","title":{"rendered":"Probl\u00e9my star\u0161\u00edch rodinn\u00fdch dom\u016f a jejich dopad na na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed \u2013 3. \u010d\u00e1st"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho \u010dl\u00e1nku si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte v\u00edce o probl\u00e9mu star\u00fdch dom\u016f, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje na zdrav\u00ed nejen samotn\u00e9 majitele dom\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 okol\u00ed. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.
Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) ozna\u010duje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed riziko pro zdrav\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1 v EU na sv\u011bdom\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159es 1 000 p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed denn\u011b. To je a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t v\u00edc, ne\u017e po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynou p\u0159i dopravn\u00edch nehod\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din tohoto stavu je tak\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed tuh\u00fdmi palivy. Pro star\u0161\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 domy jsou typick\u00e9 kotle s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, ve kter\u00fdch lze sp\u00e1lit cokoliv. Pr\u00e1v\u011b lidsk\u00fd faktor v jejich p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ovliv\u0148uje kvalitu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm emis\u00edm v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se zhor\u0161uje is n\u00e1stupem chladn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed. V \u010d\u00e1stech Evropy, kde dom\u00e1cnosti na topen\u00ed st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tuh\u00e1 paliva, se b\u011bhem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zim zvykne zv\u00fd\u0161it objem emis\u00ed l\u00e1tek zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. A to zejm\u00e9na suspendovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice dle velikosti rozd\u011blujeme na PM10 (hrub\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice) a PM2,5 (jemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice). Tvo\u0159\u00ed je tuh\u00e9 a kapaln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice suspendovan\u00e9 v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkdy se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 tak\u00e9 prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pat\u0159\u00ed sem \u0161irok\u00fd okruh l\u00e1tek od mo\u0159sk\u00e9 soli a pylu a\u017e po lidsk\u00e9 karcinogeny jako benzo(a)pyren a \u010dern\u00fd uhl\u00edk. Hlavn\u00edm zdrojem \u010dern\u00e9ho uhl\u00edku, nebo jinak \u0159e\u010deno saz\u00ed, b\u00fdv\u00e1 doprava a vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v dom\u00e1cnostech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHO ozna\u010dila za l\u00e1tky nejv\u00edce zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed, pr\u00e1v\u011b suspendovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd, oxid si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed ozon. Podle jej\u00edho zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a\u017e dev\u011bt z deseti lid\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b d\u00fdch\u00e1 nadm\u011brn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd vzduch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bco je ve vzduchu a mo\u017en\u00e1 za to m\u016f\u017ee i v\u00e1\u0161 kotel
Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed nemus\u00edme v\u017edy c\u00edtit ani vid\u011bt, dlouhodob\u00e9 vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho vzduchu v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k respira\u010dn\u00edm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm jako chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt pr\u016fdu\u0161ek \u010di chronick\u00e1 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc. Jedinou cestou, jak se PM \u010d\u00e1stice mohou dost\u00e1vat do lidsk\u00e9ho organismu, je inhalace. Prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice mikro rozm\u011br\u016f pronikaj\u00ed a\u017e do plicn\u00edch skl\u00edpk\u016f a krom\u011b respira\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou i kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00e1 studie p\u0159ed p\u00e1r lety zjistila souvislost mezi vznikem metabolick\u00e9ho syndromu a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi koncentracemi zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Jeho p\u0159\u00edznakem je nadbytek tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b v oblasti pasu a na hrudi \u2013 tzv. centr\u00e1ln\u00ed obezita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nemocnost, mohou vyvolat podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, ba dokonce p\u016fsobit toxicky a\u017e karcinogenn\u011b. Zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad i vrozen\u00e9 poruchy nervov\u00e9 soustavy, \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal a zkracuj\u00ed d\u00e9lku \u017eivota. Mezi ohro\u017een\u00e9 skupina pat\u0159\u00ed d\u011bti a senio\u0159i, ale tak\u00e9 astmatici, alergici a t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak upozor\u0148uje Institut environment\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky p\u0159i ministerstvu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ro\u010dn\u011b u n\u00e1s p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b zem\u0159e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 600 lid\u00ed z d\u016fvodu nadm\u011brn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Nulov\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e je sp\u00ed\u0161e teoretickou hodnotou, by zachr\u00e1nila \u017eivot dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00edce ne\u017e 4 tis\u00edci lidem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Star\u00e9 kotle, kter\u00e9 najdeme ve star\u0161\u00edch rodinn\u00fdch domech, maj\u00ed obecn\u011b n\u00edzkou \u00fa\u010dinnost a jsou ekologicky neefektivn\u00ed. Z hlediska \u00faspor energie se vyplat\u00ed vym\u011bnit star\u00fd kotel za nov\u00fd. Jen pro p\u0159edstavu, star\u00e9 kotle na fosiln\u00ed palivo maj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 55%. U nov\u00e9ho kotle na \u0161t\u011bpku nebo peletky je 80 a\u017e 85 %. V\u00fdm\u011bna zdroje tepla na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a jeho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 dimenzov\u00e1n\u00ed tedy m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st \u00fasporu ve v\u00fd\u0161i a\u017e 30 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0160et\u0159en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed i pen\u011b\u017eenky
Modernizace topn\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed neznamen\u00e1 vym\u011bnit star\u00fd kotel za nov\u00fd t\u00e9ho\u017e typu, ale vym\u011bnit kotel na tuh\u00e9 palivo (proho\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed nebo odho\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed) za zply\u0148ovac\u00ed \u010di automatizovan\u00fd kotel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle propo\u010dt\u016f Slovensk\u00e9 agentury \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (SA\u017dP), modernizace kotle ve dvoupodla\u017en\u00edm nepodsklepen\u00e9m dom\u011b z 80. let (s topnou plochou 180 m2 a m\u011brnou tepelnou ztr\u00e1tou 25 W\/m3) majitel\u016fm domu u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b 305 \u20ac. A to v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee vym\u011bn\u00ed star\u00fd kotel za nov\u00fd zply\u0148ovac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161kodlivin vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed o v\u00edce ne\u017e 270 kg TOC ro\u010dn\u011b. TOC p\u0159edstavuje celkov\u00fd organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk (organick\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky ve form\u011b plyn\u016f a par) a vyjad\u0159uje se j\u00edm emisn\u00ed limit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kotel na tuh\u00e9 palivo
Pro star\u0161\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 domy jsou typick\u00e9 kotle s manu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm, ve kter\u00fdch n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u00e1l\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cokoli. | Zdroj: iStock
Pozitivn\u00ed informac\u00ed je,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti na\u0161eho \u010dl\u00e1nku si p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte v\u00edce o probl\u00e9mu star\u00fdch dom\u016f, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje na zdrav\u00ed nejen samotn\u00e9 majitele dom\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 okol\u00ed. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) ozna\u010duje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed riziko pro zdrav\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1 v EU na sv\u011bdom\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159es 1 000 p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":378,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-bydleni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=377"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/377\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/czstavba.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}